Sample diagramming question

Anthropologist Alexander Alland has refuted the much-popularized theory that man is only a "naked ape," dominated by savage ineradicable biological instincts to kill and destroy those who get in the way of his "territorial imperative." It turns out that aggressiveness is not instinctive, because it is not universal to human beings: take, for example, the Semai of of Malaya, a culture in which youngsters are not punished, hardly ever see any violence, and so have no aggressive behavior to imitate-- hence there is no such thing as murder in that culture. Nor is territorial aggressiveness innate or biologically derived: the most primitive hunters and gatherers are the least possessive about territory; and often share the same territory with very different ethnic groups, who live off the environment in quite different ways. The fact that in our culture children have to be taught to be competitive in sports (and even then a lot of them never come to like it), and that patriotism has to be instilled by repeated ritual (pledges of allegiance, etc.) shows that aggressiveness is a product of culture, not of biological heredity.

Stage 2)

1. man is NOT only a "naked ape," dominated by savage ineradicable biological instincts to kill and destroy those who get in the way of his "territorial imperative."

2. [It turns out that] aggressiveness is not instinctive,

3. [because] it is not universal to human beings:

4. [take, for example,] the Semai of Malaya, a culture in which youngsters are not punished, hardly ever see any violence, and so have no aggressive behavior to imitate-- hence there is no such thing as murder in that culture.

5. Nor is territorial aggressiveness innate or biologically derived:

6. the most primitive hunters and gatherers are the least possessive about territory;

7. [and] often share the same territory with very different ethnic groups, who live off the environment in quite different ways.

8. [The fact that] in our culture children have to be taught to be competitive in sports (and even then a lot of them never come to like it),

9. [and that] patriotism has to be instilled by repeated ritual (pledges of allegiance, etc.)

10. [shows that] aggressiveness is a product of culture, not of biological heredity.

Stage 3)

1. Man is not only a "naked ape," dominated by savage ineradicable biological instincts to kill and destroy those who get in the way of his "territorial imperative."

2. Aggressiveness is not instinctive,

3. Aggressiveness is not universal to human beings:

4. The Semai of Malaya is a culture in which youngsters are not punished, hardly ever see any violence, and so have no aggressive behavior to imitate-- hence there is no such thing as murder in that culture.

5. Territorial aggressiveness is neither innate nor biologically derived:

6. The most primitive hunters and gatherers are the least possessive about territory;

7. The most primitive hunters and gatherers often share the same territory with very different ethnic groups, who live off the environment in quite different ways.

8. In our culture children have to be taught to be competitive in sports (and even then a lot of them never come to like it),

9. In our culture patriotism has to be instilled by repeated ritual (pledges of allegiance, etc.)

10. Aggressiveness is a product of culture, not of biological heredity.

Stage 4) for the diagram, (jpg file) click here.