Figure 1: Diagrammatic representation of spermiogenesis in Epimenia australis, divided arbitrarily into four stages (a-b)
A
Numerous small mitochondria surround subspherical nucleus containing granular chromatin. Golgi body contributes secretory vesicles to proacrosomal granule which is attached to plasma membrane by flocculent material (arrowhead).
B
Developing acrosome (A) is visible atop nucleus. Granular chromatin is more densely packed . Mitochondria have fused to form four spheres at base of nucleus. Basal body, comprising fused proximal and distal centrioles, has migrated into centriolar fossa (large arrow) at base of nucleus creating the flagellar canal (small arrows). An active golgi body is positioned adjacent to flagellar canal (arrowhead).
C
Golgi body has migrated anteriorly next to pro-acrosome (arrowhead). Chromatin has condensed into elongate fine fibres which are twisted inside nucleus. Annulus (An) has broken away from distal centriole and is migrating posteriorlyeverting flagellar canal as it does so. Annulus adjuncts are forming anterior to annulus. Dense granular material surrounds basal body and apex of axoneme. Spiral ridge (SR) is evident posterior to this. Two large mitochondria are elongating posteriorly, ensheathing the axoneme
D
Late spermatid with introsperm form. Extracellular striated cone (EC) is atop acrosome cone (AC), with subacrosomal granule (SG) and seperated from nucleus (N) by subacrosomal plate (SP). Basal body (BB) is housed in basal indentaion of nucleus , blocked posteriorly by peribasal body (PB). Mitochondria (M) form an almost complete sheath around axoneme, reinforced by spiral ridge (SR). Annulus (An) is in characteristic junction of mid-piece and glycogen-piece and extends anteriorly as anulus adjuncts (AnA). Note also: Glycogen (G) and terminal density (D)