APPENDIX 1:
Alphabetical listing of species names of invertebrates referred to in the text.
Classification
according to Whiteaves (1901), Gosner (1978), and Barnes (1987).
| SPECIES NAME | PHYLUM |
| Acmaea testudinalis Actean punclostriatus Admete couthouyi Aeginella longicornis Aeolida papillosa Ampelisca macrocephala Ampelisca spinipes Anomia simplex Anomia spp. Anticoma litoris Apporrhais occidentalis Arabella iricolor Arctica islandica Argis dentata Aricidea sp. Arrhis phyllonyx Asabellides oculata Ascidia sp. Astarte sp. Astarte subaequilatera Astarte undata Asterias forbesi Asterias sp. Asterias vulgaris Averillia sp. |
Mollusca; Gastropoda |
| Balanus balanoides Balanus balanus Balanus hemero Balanus improvisus Balanus sp. Boltenia ovifera Bostrichobranchus pilulons Bougainvillia sp. Bryozoa membranaceum Buccinum undatum Bugula turrita Bugulla flabellata Byblis errata |
Arthropoda; Crustacea (barnacle) Arthropoda; Crustacea (barnacle) Arthropoda; Crustacea (barnacle) Arthropoda; Crustacea (barnacle) Arthropoda; Crustacea (barnacle) Chordata; Tunicata (sea squirts) Chordata; Tunicata (sea squirts) Cnidaria; Hydrozoa Bryozoa Mollusca; Gastropoda Bryozoa Bryozoa Arthropoda; Crustacea (amphipod) |
|
Callocardia morrhuana |
Unclassified Cnidaria; Hydrozoa Cnidaria; Hydrozoa Arthropoda; Crustacea (crabs) Arthropoda; Crustacea (crabs) Arthropoda; Crustacea (crabs) Annelida; Polychaeta (Sedentary) Arthropoda; Crustacea (amphipod) Arthropoda; Crustacea (amphipod) Arthropoda; Crustacea (amphipod) Arthropoda; Crustacea (crabs) Arthropoda; Crustacea (amphipod) Mollusca: Bivalvia Mollusca: Bivalvia Cnidaria; Anthozoa Porifera Arthropoda; Crustacea (crab) Arthropoda; Crustacea (isopods) Mollusca: Bivalvia Unclassified Mollusca; Gastropoda Mollusca: Bivalvia Mollusca; Gastropoda Annelida; Polychaeta (Sedentary) Mollusca; Gastropoda Arthropoda; Crustacea (amphipod) Arthropoda; Crustacea (amphipod) Arthropoda; Crustacea (amphipod) Mollusca; Gastropoda (Nudibranchs) Annelida; Polychaeta (Sedentary) Arthropoda; Crustacea (shrimp) Mollusca: Bivalvia Mollusca: Bivalvia Mollusca; Gastropoda Mollusca; Gastropoda Mollusca; Gastropoda Echinodermata; Stelleroidea (seastars) Echinodermata; Stelleroidea (seastars) Echinodermata; Holothuria (sea cucumber) Mollusca: Bivalvia Mollusca; Gastropoda Unclassified |
| Dendronotus frondosus Diastylis polita Didemnum candidum Dioptera cupreae Doliolum sp. Dorvillea caeca Dorylaimopsis metatypicus |
Mollusca; Gastropoda (Nudibranchs) Arthropoda; Crustacea (Cumacea) Chordata; Tunicata (sea squirts) Annelida; Polychaeta (Errant) Chordata; Thaliacea (Salps) Annelida; Polychaeta (Errant) Nematoda |
| Echinarachinus parma Edotea triloba Emerita talpoidea Ensis directus Eteone heteropoda Eualus macilentus Eubranchus sp. Euchone incolor Eucrata loricata Eulalia viridis Eupleura caudata Eusyllis biomstarndi |
Echinodermata; Ehinoidea (urchins & sand dollars)
Arthropoda; Crustacea (isopods) Arthropoda; Crustacea (crabs) Mollusca: Bivalvia Annelida; Polychaeta (Errant) Arthropoda; Crustacea (shrimp) Mollusca; Gastropoda (Nudibranchs) Annelida; Polychaeta (Sedentary) Bryozoa Annelida; Polychaeta (Errant) Mollusca; Gastropoda Annelida; Polychaeta (Errant) |
| Facelina bostoniensis Flabelligera affinis Flustra foliacea |
Mollusca; Gastropoda (Nudibranchs) Annelida; Polychaeta (Sedentary) Bryozoa |
| Gammarus locusta Gammarus sp. Gattyana cirrosa Gemma gemma Gephryea sp. Gersemia sp. Glycera americana Glycera dibranchiata Glycinde solitaria Gorgonocephalus arcticus |
Arthropoda; Crustacea (amphipod) Arthropoda; Crustacea (amphipod) Annelida; Polychaeta (Errant) Mollusca: Bivalvia Unclassified Cnidaria; Anthozoa Annelida; Polychaeta (Errant) Annelida; Polychaeta (Errant) Annelida; Polychaeta (Errant) Echinodermata; Stelleroidea (seastars) |
| Halichondria bowerbanki Halocynthia pyriformis Haploscolops fragilis Harmothoe exteniata Harmothoe imbricata Harmothoe nodosa Harmothoe sp. Henricia sanguinolenta Henricia spp. Heteromastus filiformis Hiatella arctica Hippasteria phryginia Hippomedon cirratus Homarus americanus Hutchinsoniella macracantha Hyas areneus Hyas coarctatus Hyas spp. Hydractinia sp. Hydrallmania furcuta Hydrobia minuta |
Porifera Chordata; Tunicata (sea squirts) Annelida; Polychaeta (Sedentary) Annelida; Polychaeta (Errant) Annelida; Polychaeta (Errant) Annelida; Polychaeta (Errant) Annelida; Polychaeta (Errant) Echinodermata; Stelleroidea (seastars) Echinodermata; Stelleroidea (seastars) Annelida; Polychaeta (Sedentary) Mollusca: Bivalvia Echinodermata; Stelleroidea (seastars) Arthropoda; Crustacea (amphipod) Arthropoda; Crustacea (lobster) Arthropoda; Crustacea (amphipod) Arthropoda; Crustacea (crabs) Arthropoda; Crustacea (crabs) Arthropoda; Crustacea (crabs) Cnidaria; Hydrozoa Cnidaria; Hydrozoa Mollusca; Gastropoda |
| Idothea baltica Ischnochiton alba Ischnochiton ruber |
Arthropoda; Crustacea (isopods) Mollusca; Polyplacophora (chitons) Mollusca; Polyplacophora (chitons) |
| Jassa falcata | Arthropoda; Crustacea (amphipod) |
| Lacuna vincta Lepidonotus squamatus Leptastarias polaris Leptocheiros pinguis Leptochelia rapex Leptonemella sp. Libinia emarginata Littorina littorea Littorina saxitalis Littorina sp. Lumbrinereis fragilis Lumbrinereis tenuis Lunatia heros Lurcenaria quadricornis |
Mollusca; Gastropoda Annelida; Polychaeta (Errant) Echinodermata; Stelleroidea (seastars) Arthropoda; Crustacea (amphipod) Arthropoda; Crustacea (isopods) Nematoda Arthropoda; Crustacea (crabs) Mollusca; Gastropoda Mollusca; Gastropoda Mollusca; Gastropoda Annelida; Polychaeta (Errant) Annelida; Polychaeta (Errant) Mollusca; Gastropoda Cnidaria; Hydrozoa |
| Macoma balthica Macoma calcarea Macoma tenta Maldane sarsi Maldanopsis elongata Margarites costalis Margarites groenlandica Membranipora sp. Mercenaria mercenaria Metridium senile Metridium sp. Micrura leidyi Mitrella lunata Modiolus demissus Modiolus modiolus Molgula manhattensis Molgula provisionalis Mulinia lateralis Mya arenia Mya truncata Myriopora subgrucila Mysella planulata Mytilus edulis |
Mollusca: Bivalvia Mollusca: Bivalvia Mollusca: Bivalvia Annelida; Polychaeta (Sedentary) Annelida; Polychaeta (Sedentary) [=Asychis] Mollusca; Gastropoda Mollusca; Gastropoda Bryozoa Mollusca: Bivalvia Cnidaria; Anthozoa Cnidaria; Anthozoa Platyhelminthes;Rhyncocoela (Nemertean worms) Mollusca; Gastropoda Mollusca: Bivalvia Mollusca: Bivalvia Chordata; Tunicata (sea squirts) Chordata; Tunicata (sea squirts) Mollusca: Bivalvia Mollusca: Bivalvia Mollusca: Bivalvia Ectoproct Unclassified Mollusca: Bivalvia |
| Nassarius obsoletus Nassarius trivatatta Neochromodora pistillata Neohela monstrosa Neopanope sayi Neopanope texana Nephthys bucera Nephthys ciliata Nephthys incisa Nephthys picta Neptunea decemcostata Neptunea despecta tornata Nereis sp. Nereis succina Nereis vivens Nerinidea sp. Ninoe nigripes Notoacmeae testudinalis Notomastus latericeus Nucula proxima Nucula tenuis Nuculans pernula |
Mollusca; Gastropoda Mollusca; Gastropoda Nematoda Arthropoda; Crustacea (amphipod) Arthropoda; Crustacea (crabs) Arthropoda; Crustacea (crabs) Annelida; Polychaeta (Errant) Annelida; Polychaeta (Errant) Annelida; Polychaeta (Errant) Annelida; Polychaeta (Errant) Mollusca; Gastropoda Mollusca; Gastropoda Annelida; Polychaeta (Errant) Annelida; Polychaeta (Errant) Annelida; Polychaeta (Errant) Annelida; Polychaeta Annelida; Polychaeta (Errant) Mollusca; Gastropoda Annelida; Polychaeta (Sedentary) Mollusca: Bivalvia Mollusca: Bivalvia Mollusca: Bivalvia |
| Obelia spp. Odontophor loffleri Odontophora pugilator Odontophora pupusi Odostomia sp. Onchidoris sp. Ophiacantha bidentata Ophiopholis aculeata Ophiura robustus Ophiura sarsi Ophiura sp. |
Cnidaria; Hydrozoa Nematoda Nematoda Nematoda Mollusca; Gastropoda Mollusca; Gastropoda (Nudibranchs) Echinodermata; Stelleroidea (seastars) Echinodermata; Stelleroidea (seastars) Echinodermata; Stelleroidea (seastars) Echinodermata; Stelleroidea (seastars) Echinodermata; Stelleroidea (seastars) |
| Pagurus acadianus Pagurus longicarpus Pagurus pubescens Pagurus sp. Pallina sitiens Pandalus montagui Pandora glacialis Pandora gouldani Paraprionspio pinnata Pectinarea hyperborea Pectinaria gouldii Pectinaria granulata Pectinaria sp. Periploma leanum Petricola pholadiformis Pherusa affinis Pholoe minuta Phoronis psammophila Photis macrocoxa Phoxocephalus holbolli Phoxochilidium femoratum Phyllodoce mucosa Phyllodoce sp. Pitar morrhuana Placopecten magellanicus Podarke obscura Polineces heros Polineces immaculatus Polycirrus eximius Polydora ciliata Polydora ligni Polydora spp. Polymastia sp. Priapulus caudatus Priscillina ornata Protohaustorius wigleyi Psolus fabricci Pteraster militaris |
Arthropoda; Crustacea (hermit crabs) Arthropoda; Crustacea (hermit crabs) Arthropoda; Crustacea (hermit crabs) Arthropoda; Crustacea (hermit crabs) Porifera Arthropoda; Crustacea (shrimp) Mollusca: Bivalvia Mollusca: Bivalvia Annelida; Polychaeta (Sedentary) Annelida; Polychaeta (Sedentary) Annelida; Polychaeta (Sedentary) Annelida; Polychaeta (Sedentary) Annelida; Polychaeta (Sedentary) Mollusca: Bivalvia Mollusca: Bivalvia Annelida; Polychaeta (Sedentary) Annelida; Polychaeta (Errant) Phoronida (Phoronid worms) Arthropoda; Crustacea (amphipod) Arthropoda; Crustacea (amphipod) Arthropoda; Pycnogonida (sea spiders) Annelida; Polychaeta (Errant) Annelida; Polychaeta (Errant) Mollusca: Bivalvia Mollusca: Bivalvia Annelida; Polychaeta (Errant) Mollusca; Gastropoda Mollusca; Gastropoda Annelida; Polychaeta (Sedentary) Annelida; Polychaeta (Sedentary) Annelida; Polychaeta (Sedentary) Annelida; Polychaeta (Sedentary) Porifera Aschelmenthea Unclassified Arthropoda; Crustacea (amphipod) Echinodermata; Holothuria (sea cucumber) Echinodermata; Stelleroidea (seastars) |
| Retusa canaliculata | Mollusca; Gastropoda |
| Sabinea septemcarinata Schizoporella unicornis Scololepsis robustus Scololepsis squamata Scoloplos fragilis Scypha ciliata Scypha sp. Serripes groenlandica Sertularia argentea Sertularia pumila Sertularia sp. Solaster endeca Spio filicornis Spio limicola Spio setosa Spiochaeopterus sp. Spiochaetopterus oculatus Spirobis spirobis Spisula polynyma Spisula solidissima Stegophiura nodosa Sternaspis scutata Streblospio bendicti Strongylocentrotus drobachiensis Strongylocentrtus pallidus |
Arthropoda; Crustacea (shrimp) Bryozoa Annelida; Polychaeta (Sedentary) Annelida; Polychaeta (Sedentary) Annelida; Polychaeta (Sedentary) Porifera Porifera Mollusca: Bivalvia Cnidaria; Hydrozoa Cnidaria; Hydrozoa Cnidaria; Hydrozoa Echinodermata; Stelleroidea (seastars) Annelida; Polychaeta (Sedentary) Annelida; Polychaeta (Sedentary) Annelida; Polychaeta (Sedentary) Annelida; Polychaeta (Sedentary) Annelida; Polychaeta (Sedentary) Annelida; Polychaeta (Sedentary) Mollusca: Bivalvia Mollusca: Bivalvia Echinodermata Annelida; Polychaeta Annelida; Polychaeta (Sedentary) Echinodermata; Ehinoidea (urchins & sand dollars) Echinodermata; Ehinoidea (urchins & sand dollars) |
| Tealia crassicornis Tealis felina Tellina agilis Tellina tenera Terebratulina septentrionalis Teredo navalis Terschellingia longicaudata Tharyx acutus Thelepus cincinnatus Thyasira gouldii Tmentonyx nobilis Tonicella sp. Trachydemus mainensis Trochostoma sp. Trophonia affinis Tubelaria sp. Tubularia crocea Turbonilla sp. |
Cnidaria; Anthozoa Cnidaria; Anthozoa Mollusca: Bivalvia Mollusca: Bivalvia Brachiopoda (lamp shells) Mollusca: Bivalvia Nematoda Annelida; Polychaeta (Sedentary) Annelida; Polychaeta (Sedentary) Mollusca: Bivalvia Arthropoda; Crustacea (amphipod) Mollusca; Polyplacophora (chitons) Kinorhyncha Echinodermata; Holothuria (sea cucumber) Unclassified Cnidaria; Hydrozoa Cnidaria; Hydrozoa Mollusca; Gastropoda |
| Unicola irroratus Urosalpinix cinerea Urticina sp. |
Arthropoda; Crustacea (amphipod) Mollusca; Gastropoda Cnidaria; Anthozoa |
| Venericardia borealis Venus mercenaria Volsella modiolus |
Mollusca: Bivalvia [=Cyclocardia borealis] Mollusca: Bivalvia [=Mercenaria] Mollusca: Bivalvia |
| Weberella bursa | Porifera |
| Yoldia limatula Yoldia myalis Yoldia norvegica Yoldia sapotilla Yoldia thracaeformis |
Mollusca; Bivalvia Mollusca; Bivalvia Mollusca; Bivalvia Mollusca; Bivalvia Mollusca; Bivalvia |