ANTH 320/DEVS 321 PEOPLE AND DEVELOPMENT Fall 2018

Oct. 10- The state and development
    READ: Vincent, S. (2014) Why beautify the plaza? Reproducing community in decentralized neoliberal Peru. Journal of agrarian change, 14(4): 522-540.

    Garmany, Jeff (2017) Strategies of conditional cash transfers and the tactics of resistance. Environment and Planning A, 49(2): 372-388.

Midterm test (Oct. 15):                         20%

- review: how do these articles about the role of the state fit into the history of development strategies over time?
    [from Parpart and Veltmeyer:
        - 1950s: Big state/Cold War/industrialization-modernization
        - 1970s: liberal reforms
        - 1980s: neoliberalism (supposed “small state” involving cutbacks in social spending and promotion of free markets)
        - responses to social damage of neoliberalism: political economy, post-development, alternative development]
    - the current era with new state social spending (neo-extractivism, CCTs, minimum basic incomes [e.g. “Give a man a fish” by Ferguson]), resuscitates the welfare role of the state

Vincent:
- what is the argument?
- concepts (i.e. theory):
    - social reproduction
    - state territorializing strategies (e.g. the comunidad campesina and the municipality in this case)
    - vernacular community
- how was Allpachico constituted through the state-mandated designation of the comunidad campesina?
- what is the current role of the municipality? How is it related to state decentralization?
- how does the vernacular community relate to the legally recognized comunidad campesina of Allpachico and to the municipality?
- how has social reproduction, including the livelihood strategies of  Allpachico changed over the last century? Note different balances of farming, wage income, informal sector income, remittances from migrants and state support
- what is Peru’s current national economy based on?
    - what does natural resource extraction need? What does it not need?
    - how does decentralized government spending relate to this?
    - how does decentralized government spending marginalize the comunidad campesina structure in favour of local municipal government?
- why does it make sense that  Allpachiqueños want to beautify the plaza?
        
Garmany
- what is his argument?
- what is the context in which he is writing?
    - northeastern Brazil
    - conditional cash transfers
- what theoretical concepts does he use?
    -governmentality (a concept from Foucault)
    - strategy (a concept from de Certeau)
    - tactics (a concept from de Certeau)
- how does he structure the paper to support his argument?
- how is the PBF program delivered and to whom?
- how does he use the theoretical concepts to analyse the evidence?
    - how do PBF recipients in this area of Brazil use tactics to get better services?
    - how do PBF recipients manage the conditions of the program?
- do you think the new turn to increased social spending is a move in the right direction? Do they do anything to empower poor Brazilian citizens?